Study Sheet for Quiz 3

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Study Material:

Class presentations (see links below)

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Study Questions:

Visual Perception (presentation on Vision)

What is the "Myth of Perception"? What is the 'Inversion Problem' that vision (and all of perception) has to solve? Why does this mean that all perception is constructive? What are some other reasons to support the view that all perception is constructive? What is Biederman's object-recognition-by-components approach? How can Biederman's theory explain why we can recognize the same object from various perspectives? What are some drawbacks/shortcomings about his theory? What are some cues that we (can) use to perceive depth? Which of these are monocular, and which are binocular? Which are optical, and which are ocular? Which are static, and which are dynamic?

More on Perception (presentation on More on Perception)

What is the Correspondence Problem that our brains have to 'solve' in order to perceive motion? How does this explain the barberpole illusion? What are some different kinds of integration of separate pieces of perceptual information?

Attention (presentation on Attention)

How does 'top-down' perception differ from 'bottom-up' perception? How can this explain why perception is selective? What is attention? What does it mean for attention to be selective? Divisible? Voluntary? Involuntary? How do bottleneck or filter models of attention try to explain that attention is selective? What is the difference between early selection and late selection filter models of attention? What is the dichotic listening task, and how can the early selection filter model explain some of the results of this task? However, what is the cocktail party effect, and how does it go against the early selection filter model of attention? How do capacity or resource theories look at attention?

Memory (presentation on Memory)

What is the sensory memory? What is short-term memory? What is long-term memory? What is working memory? What is the 'car accident video' experiment, and how does it show that memory is contructive? What is the likely purpose of memory, and why would that explain why memory is selective as well as constructive?

Mental Representations (presentation on Mental Representations)

What are some experiments that suggest that sometimes we represent things visually or auditorily rather than abstractly? What are some experiments that sometimes we represent things more abstractly? How is this related to concepts? What are concepts for? What are some reasons to beleive that concepts are more likely to be fuzzy, rather than having a nice and clear definition?

Reasoning (presentation on Reasoning)

What is the difference between normative (prescriptive) and descriptive theories of reasoning? What are some common fallacies that humans commit? Why do we make these kinds of reasoning mistakes? What is the 'Perfect Cognizer', and why aren't we like that? What is the Availability Heuristic? What is the Representativeness Heuristic? What is Confirmation Bias? Why do we sometimes see patterns when there really are none? What is the Wason Selection Task? What is an interesting variant on the Wason Selection Task, and what does that show?